Overweight Load

What is an Overweight Load

An overweight load typically refers to a shipment that exceeds the legal weight limits set by federal and state regulations. The specific weight thresholds for determining an overweight load vary by jurisdiction. However, a common weight limit for a standard five-axle truck is 80,000 pounds (36,287 kilograms) in gross vehicle weight (GVW). Exceeding this weight limit without the appropriate permits and authorizations would classify the load as overweight. It’s important to note that weight limits can vary by state and may be subject to different rules for specific roads, bridges, or vehicle configurations.
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Weight Thresholds for Overweight Loads

Determining what is considered an overweight load depends on the weight limits set by federal and state regulations. These limits are typically defined in terms of gross vehicle weight (GVW) and axle weight. Here are some general guidelines:

1. Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW): The GVW refers to the total weight of a fully loaded truck, including the vehicle, cargo, fuel, and any passengers. The maximum GVW allowed varies by state but typically ranges from 80,000 pounds (36,287 kilograms) to 80,400 pounds (36,468 kilograms) for a standard five-axle truck.

2. Axle Weight Limits: Axle weight limits specify the maximum weight that can be placed on individual axles. These limits are crucial for ensuring the even distribution of weight to prevent damage to roads and bridges. Axle weight limits vary depending on the number of axles and their spacing, as determined by the Federal Bridge Formula and state regulations.

It’s important to note that weight limits and definitions of overweight loads can vary by state, and some states have specific regulations for certain types of roads or bridges. For instance, bridges with lower weight limits may require reduced axle weights or additional permits for overweight loads.

Obtaining Permits for Overweight Loads

When a load exceeds the legal weight limits, carriers must obtain special permits or authorizations from the appropriate state agencies. These permits typically outline the specific weight allowances, designated routes, and any additional conditions or restrictions. Carriers must carefully follow the instructions specified in the permits and ensure compliance with the terms and requirements.

Regulations Governing Overweight Loads

Regulations regarding these loads vary from state to state. However, some general principles and guidelines exist:

1. Federal Bridge Formula: The Federal Bridge Formula is a federal regulation that establishes weight limits for commercial vehicles based on the number of axles and the distance between axles. It helps to ensure that the weight is distributed evenly to avoid excessive stress on bridges.

2. State-Specific Weight Limits: Each state has its own weight limits for commercial vehicles, including gross vehicle weight limits and axle weight limits. Carriers and drivers must comply with the weight restrictions imposed by the states they operate in or pass through.

3. Permits and Special Considerations: In cases where a load exceeds the legal weight limits, carriers may need to obtain special permits or authorizations from the appropriate state agencies. These permits often come with additional fees and specific conditions, such as designated routes and restricted travel times.

Considerations for Carriers, Shippers, and Drivers

Transporting overweight loads requires careful planning and consideration. Here are some key points for carriers, shippers, and drivers to keep in mind:

1. Legal Compliance: Carriers must ensure that they comply with federal and state regulations regarding weight limits. They should be aware of the specific weight restrictions for different types of roads, bridges, and highways.

2. Permitting Process: Carriers need to understand the permitting process for transporting overweight loads, including obtaining the necessary permits, paying fees, and adhering to any conditions or restrictions specified by the issuing authority.

3. Safety and Road Conditions: Carriers and drivers must prioritize safety when transporting overweight loads. This includes considering the impact on braking distance, vehicle stability, and overall road handling. It’s essential to assess road conditions, such as weight-restricted bridges or areas with weight-related restrictions.

4. Route Planning: Careful route planning is crucial to avoid roads or bridges that cannot accommodate the weight of the load. Drivers should select routes that minimize the impact on infrastructure and prioritize safety.

Learn about Gross Vehicle Weight here.
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Learn about Overweight Load here.